Antimicrobial Resistance Panels

S. No.	MARKER / PANEL	TEST / PANEL NAME	TARGETS / DETECTION	SAMPLE TYPE	IMPACT OF DISEASE	USE OF PANEL	TEST TYPE	TURNAROUND TIME
1	AMR	AMR Panel	AMR genes associated with Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole ESBL genes Carbapenemase genes Macrolide resistance markers Fluoroquinolone resistance markers	Rectal swab BAL Sputum Urine Blood culture Isolate	Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes helps support appropriate antimicrobial selection and infection control.	Rapid identification of AMR genes for targeted therapy, infection control and antimicrobial stewardship.	REAL-TIME RT-PCR	48–72 HOURS
2	Carbapenem Resistance	Carbapenemase Detection	blaKPC blaNDM blaVIM blaOXA-48-like blaIMP Carbapenem resistance genes	Bacterial culture BAL Tracheal aspirate Nasopharyngeal aspirate Sputum Rectal swab	Carbapenemase-producing organisms can cause severe drug-resistant infections.	Rapid detection of important carbapenemase genes to support appropriate treatment.	REAL-TIME RT-PCR	48–72 HOURS
3	Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae	Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) Detection	Detection/differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae blaKPC blaNDM blaVIM blaIMP blaOXA-48-like	Rectal swab Blood culture Isolate	CRE infections are associated with limited treatment options and significant clinical risk.	Identification of CRE and major carbapenemase markers for infection management.	REAL-TIME RT-PCR	48–72 HOURS
4	ESBL & Carbapenem Resistance	ESBL & Carbapenem Resistance Detection	blaCTX-M blaTEM blaSHV blaKPC blaNDM blaVIM blaOXA-48-like	Rectal swab Blood culture Isolate	Detection of major ESBL and carbapenem resistance genes supports appropriate treatment.	Comprehensive resistance marker detection for antimicrobial selection.	REAL-TIME RT-PCR	48–72 HOURS
5	ESBL	ESBL Resistance Detection Panel	blaCTX-M group 1 blaCTX-M group 9 blaTEM blaSHV Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase markers	Rectal swab Urine Blood culture Isolate	ESBL-producing organisms may cause infections with limited beta-lactam treatment options.	Detection of ESBL markers for appropriate antibiotic selection.	REAL-TIME RT-PCR	48–72 HOURS
6	ESBL/AMR	ESKAPE ID & AMR Panel	Identification of ESKAPE pathogens Enterococcus faecium Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumannii Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Rectal swab BAL Sputum Urine Blood culture Isolate	ESKAPE pathogens are important causes of healthcare-associated resistant infections.	Rapid identification and AMR marker detection for appropriate therapy.	REAL-TIME RT-PCR	48–72 HOURS
7	GPC-ID & Carb A-R	GPP-CID & Carba-R Panel	E. coli Enterobacter spp. Klebsiella spp. Acinetobacter spp. Pseudomonas spp. Carbapenemase genes	Rectal swab Sputum Blood culture	Identification of clinically important pathogens and carbapenem resistance.	Supports rapid pathogen identification and resistance marker detection.	REAL-TIME RT-PCR	48–72 HOURS
8	MTB-TB	Rifampicin Resistant MTB Detection	Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex rpoB resistance region Rifampicin resistance markers	Sputum BAL CSF Tissue Endometrial tissue	Rifampicin resistance may indicate drug-resistant tuberculosis.	Rapid detection of MTB and rifampicin resistance markers for timely treatment.	REAL-TIME RT-PCR	48–72 HOURS
9	MDR-TB/ Rifampicin	Rifampicin Isoniazid Resistant MTB Detection	MTB detection rpoB katG inhA promoter	Sputum BAL CSF Tissue	MDR-TB is associated with limited treatment options and increased clinical risk.	Detection of major resistance markers to support targeted TB management.	REAL-TIME RT-PCR	48–72 HOURS
10	MRSA	MRSA Detection	mecA mecC Staphylococcus aureus markers Methicillin resistance	Nasal swab Wound swab Blood culture Isolate	MRSA can cause serious healthcare-associated and community infections.	Rapid MRSA detection for infection control and appropriate therapy.	REAL-TIME RT-PCR	48–72 HOURS
11	UTI-AMR	UTI AMR Panel	Common UTI pathogens ESBL markers Carbapenemase markers Fluoroquinolone resistance	Urine culture Urine sample Bacterial isolate	Antimicrobial resistance can complicate treatment of urinary tract infections.	Rapid pathogen and AMR marker detection for targeted therapy.	REAL-TIME RT-PCR	48–72 HOURS
12	VRE	VRE Detection	vanA vanB Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus faecalis	Rectal swab Blood culture Urine Clinical isolate	Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci can cause difficult-to-treat infections.	Early identification of VRE for infection control and treatment planning.	REAL-TIME RT-PCR	48–72 HOURS
13	VRSA	VRSA Detection	Vancomycin resistance markers Staphylococcus aureus vanA / vanB markers	Rectal swab Blood culture Clinical isolate	Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus can lead to serious treatment challenges.	Rapid identification of VRSA markers to support appropriate management.	REAL-TIME RT-PCR	48–72 HOURS